Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Nursing Needs Among Isolated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored gender differences in anxiety, depression, and nursing needs among isolated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, with a particular focus on the influencing factors. The main goal was to elucidate breakthrough points and intervention targets for psychological counseling aimed at the promotion of overall health during isolation treatment. METHODS: A survey was conducted to obtain information about the nursing needs of COVID-19 patients, with mental health assessed via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants included 219 isolated COVID-19 patients at a Wuhan module hospital in Hubei province, China. RESULTS: A total of 216 valid questionnaires were collected (98.63% retrieval rate). Of these participants, 21.76% had anxiety symptoms, while 17.59% had depression symptoms. Colleagues infected with COVID-19 (OR = 3.896, 95%CI: 1.555-9.764, P = 0.004) were the main influencing factors for anxiety symptoms, while marital status (OR = 2.700, 95% CI: 1.033-7.055, P = 0.043) and family members infected with COVID-19 (OR = 2.969, 95% CI: 1.243-7.095, P = 0.014) were the main influencing factors for depression symptoms. As for gender, male patients were generally more prone to depression and anxiety than female patients, especially those who were infected with colleagues. On the other hand, female patients reported greater concerns about safe treatment environments and communication with medical staff. CONCLUSION: This study found gender-based differences regarding the factors influencing anxiety and depression in isolated COVID-19 patients, with males reporting a greater general tendency for symptoms. On the other hand, female patients reported greater overall psychological nursing needs than males. Targeted nursing should thus be implemented to address specific psychological characteristics and nursing needs.

Incidence of workplace violence against nurses among Chinese hospitals: A meta-analysis.

AIMS: To explore the incidence of workplace violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals. BACKGROUND: Previous systematic reviews on the incidence of workplace violence against Chinese health care workers did not include many articles published in Chinese. Although several studies have investigated cases of violence against health care providers in China, no meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the incidence of violence against Chinese nurses. EVALUATION: In this study, relevant data were retrieved from studies published up to July 2020. A meta-analysis was conducted using R software (Version 4.0). KEY FINDINGS: The 12-month incidence of workplace violence among Chinese nurses was 71% (95% CI 67%-75%), and verbal violence was the most common sub-type of violence (63%, 95% CI 58%-67%). CONCLUSION: Chinese nurses are at a high risk of violence at workplace. Hospital managers should explore ways to reduce violence against their employees, especially the younger nurses who work in secondary hospitals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The findings of this study highlight the need to enhance the legal system in terms of laws meant to effectively mitigate violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals. Measures should be particularly taken to protect younger nurses who work in secondary hospitals.

Coping and growing in dilemma: Clinical work experience of front-line nurses in Wuhan during the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic.

AIM: To deeply explore the experience of front-line nurses who participated in rescuing Wuhan during the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS: Using a descriptive qualitative design, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between February 25 and March 5, 2020. A conventional content analysis method was used in data analysis to extract themes and sub-themes. RESULTS: Six themes emerged after data analysis: (a) worries and stress during rescue; (b) difficulties encountered during rescue; (c) experience of team work; (d) experience of interaction with COVID-19 patients; (e) experience of logistic support and widespread concern; and (f) value and significance of the experience. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses took on difficult missions in the rescue and played an irreplaceable role. They experienced remarkable psychological changes over the intensive work. It was necessary to understand the feelings and problems of the nurses so as to establish a healthcare system that can protect medical staff effectively in future disasters.

The psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease (2019) in China: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To determine psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 in China and to explore the influencing factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A convenience sample of 296 mild coronavirus disease 2019 patients were recruited from a Fangcang hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province, from 3-5 March, 2020. Participants were assessed using a sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, and Symptom Check List 90. The binary logistic regression was utilized to explore the influencing factors of psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. RESULTS: In total, 296 of 299 patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 participated in the study (response rate: 99.0%). The findings revealed that 12.8% patients with mild symptoms have mental health problems; the most common psychological symptoms are phobic anxiety (58.4%), paranoid ideation (50.7%) and psychoticism (40.2%). Female patients [OR = 3.587, 95% CI (1.694-7.598)] and those having physical symptoms currently [OR = 2.813, 95% CI (1.210-6.539)] are at higher risk, while those in the middle duration of hospitalization [OR = 0.278, 95% CI (0.121-0.639)] protect against mental-health problems. CONCLUSIONS: The minority of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 were still suffering from psychological symptoms. Healthcare providers are recommended to pay particular attention to screening these high-risk groups (women, those in the initial stages of hospitalization and those with physical symptoms currently) and implement targeted psychological care as required. IMPACT: This study found that most patients of coronavirus disease 2019 in Fangcang hospital exhibited normal mental health at par with the general Chinese norm and the minority of them were suffering from psychological symptoms. The findings can provide a reference for healthcare providers to screen high-risk psychological symptoms groups and implement targeted psychological intervention for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

The relationship between resilience, anxiety and depression among patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of resilience in anxiety and depression and to clarify their relationships among patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 has negatively affected some individuals, but resilience plays a decisive role in the response of individuals under pressure and can help them deal with pressure more effectively. DESIGN: The cross-sectional descriptive correlational survey was reported in line with the STROBE guidelines. SUBJECT AND SETTING: In total, 296 patients from FangCang Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China, with mild symptoms of COVID-19 were recruited. METHODS: Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The data collected included their demographic information, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: A small number of patients in this study had above threshold anxiety (subthreshold anxiety and major anxiety) and depression (subthreshold depression and major depression). The mean total resilience score of the participants was slightly below the normal level of ordinary Chinese adults. Resilience was inversely associated with and was a protective factor for both anxiety and depression in our samples. Risk factors for anxiety include being female and having colleagues with COVID-19, while a risk factor for depression was having family members with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that after taking the general demographics into consideration, higher levels of resilience were associated with lower anxiety and depression among mild COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Health professionals, especially clinical nurses, need to be aware of the psychological status of COVID-19 patients and promote resilience to improve their mental health.